Aging and Long-Term Care
1)

According to the introduction, when does the process of aging begin?
 
At age 30 At retirement At the moment we are born After childhood ends
 
2)

By what year are adults over the age of 65 projected to outnumber children under 18 in the 
 
2025 2034 2040 2060
 
3)

What was the average life expectancy in the United States at the turn of the 20th century?
 
37 years 47 years 57 years 67 years
 
4)

About what percentage of older adults live with two or more chronic health conditions?
 
30% 50% 70% 90%
 
5)

Which of the following has been identified as a major public health risk comparable to smoking or obesity?
 
Grief Retirement Loneliness and social isolation Memory loss
 
6)

Which of the following is listed as an Activity of Daily Living (ADL)?
 
Transferring (moving from bed to chair) Using email independently Driving a car Gardening
 
7)

By about how much muscle strength is the average adult estimated to have lost by age 70?
 
5–10% 10–15% 15–20% 25–30%
 
8)

Approximately what proportion of adults over 65 report a fall each year?
 
Nearly one in four Nearly one in ten Nearly one in two Nearly three in four
 
9)

Hearing loss affects about what share of adults over age 65?
 
One in five Two in five One in two One in three
 
10)

Which of the following is named among the leading causes of death in later life?
 
Migraine Heart disease Appendicitis Acne
 
11)

In most U.S. guidelines, what blood pressure defines hypertension?
 
≥130/80 mmHg ≥135/85 mmHg ≥140/90 mmHg ≥150/95 mmHg
 
12)

Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) primarily warn of what?
 
Long-term memory decline High short-term stroke risk Heart attack within 24 hours Sudden cardiac death
 
13)

Which medication class is included in the modern “four-pillar” therapy for reduced ejection fraction heart failure?
 
Thiazide diuretics only Nitrates only SGLT2 inhibitor Antiplatelet agent
 
14)

Which option is specifically listed as first-line topical therapy for knee/hand osteoarthritis?
 
Topical opioids Topical acetaminophen Topical corticosteroids Topical NSAIDs
 
15)

What is the first-line approach for urinary incontinence?
 
Behavioral strategies (e.g., bladder training, pelvic-floor muscle therapy) Immediate surgical intervention Long-term indwelling catheterization High-dose antimuscarinics as initial therapy
 
16)

For heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which therapy is noted to improve outcomes?
 
Nitrates Digoxin Thiazide diuretics SGLT2 inhibitors
 
17)

In the CHF vignette, which specific weight change is listed as a warning signal?
 
A 3-pound jump in two days A 1-pound jump overnight A 10-pound jump in a week No weight change is mentioned
 
18)

In atrial fibrillation management, what are the “two lanes” described?
 
Rhythm surgery and hydration Preventing stroke with anticoagulation; rate or rhythm control for symptoms Diet and supplements only Oxygen therapy and diuretics
 
19)

What alternative phrase is suggested instead of “blood thinner” when counseling AF patients?
 
Clot-melting drops Bleed-risk medicine Stroke-prevention medicine Artery cleanser
 
20)

Which catheter-based option is mentioned for treating aortic stenosis?
 
PCI CABG MitraClip TAVR
 
21)

What simple phrase is often used to guide prescribing for older adults?
 
One dose fits all High dose, fast action Polypharmacy is best Start low, go slow—and simplify whenever we can
 
22)

Which medication class is associated with confusion, constipation, dry mouth, and falls in older adults?
 
Statins Anticholinergics Beta-blockers Calcium supplements
 
23)

What is a common reason older adults “miss” medications?
 
Lack of desire for treatment Forgetting their diagnosis The plan doesn’t fit their day Refusal to see a doctor
 
24)

Which screening tool is recommended for alcohol use in older adults?
 
Mini-Cog PHQ-9 AUDIT-C MMSE
 
25)

According to guidelines, what is the suggested maximum alcohol use for many healthy adults ≥65 not on interacting medications?
 
14 drinks/week, 7 per occasion 10 drinks/week, 5 per occasion 7 drinks/week, 3 per occasion 3 drinks/week, 1 per occasion
 
26)

Socioemotional selectivity research finds that, with age, people tend to…
 
Seek novel obligations to expand networks Prioritize productivity over relationships Choose emotionally meaningful activities and relationships Focus more on daily hassles than positives
 
27)

Which statement best captures the Selection–Optimization–Compensation (SOC) model?
 
Narrow goals to what matters, improve strategies, and add tools/help to offset losses Preserve all prior roles to protect identity continuity Rebuild identity solely through new roles unrelated to past themes Replace accommodation with assimilation to maintain self-esteem
 
28)

Regarding self-worth in later life, the chapter emphasizes that global self-esteem typically…
 
Declines steadily from midlife onward Improves only when tied to appearance or speed Stays fairly stable until dipping in very late life when roles/health shift Is unrelated to contribution or connection
 
29)

What are the baskets in the “Three-Basket Coping” Exercise? 
 
Baseball, Basketball, Football Psychiatric, Physical, Social Control, Influence, Not in My Hands Peaches, Apples, Pears
 
30)

For family decision-making, a high-quality meeting should FIRST center on…
 
The sibling with medical power of attorney The elder’s values and voice, stated in plain language Insurance coverage limitations The most aggressive medical options available
 
31)

Which therapy treatment is most effective with reducing anxiety?
 
Psychoanalysis CBT Enhanced interrogation Sleeping pills
 
32)

Which statement best distinguishes Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) from major depression in adults?
 
PGD typically occurs within 3 months and features global anhedonia PGD has no functional impairment requirement PGD involves grief responses “for adults, typically 12 months after the death” PGD is defined primarily by excessive guilt unrelated to the loss
 
33)

Which plan elements align with evidence-based care for Mrs. Ahmed’s prolonged grief?
 
Distraction only; avoid reminders indefinitely Immediate antidepressant monotherapy without psychotherapy Grief-focused therapy with approach in steps and continuing bonds rituals Exposure to reminders without any support or pacing
 
34)

In evaluating new-onset psychosis in an older adult, which initial approach is most consistent with the chapter?
 
Start high-dose antipsychotic immediately Rule out medical causes and sensory problems Assume late-onset schizophrenia and discharge Use benzodiazepines as first-line for agitation
 
35)

Which change helped reduced Mr. Daniles late-day hallucinations(Vignette)?
 
Increase TV stimulation in the evening; add anticholinergic for sleep Keep hallway dark; add sedative hypnotic Introduced a calm routine at 4PM Tolerate symptoms; no environmental changes
 
36)

Older adults with bipolar disorder are more likely to experience which of the following?
 
Faster recovery times and fewer comorbidities Higher rates of medical comorbidity and sensitivity to medication side effects Lower sensitivity to medication side effects compared to younger adults Reduced risk of medical conditions
 
37)

True or False: Suicide risk rises with age, especially for older men.
 
True False
 
38)

Meta-analyses show that stronger social relationships are associated with substantially lower risk of death across diseases and populations.
 
True False
 
39)

How is social isolation described? 
 
The desire to be with others Isolation is subjective Social isolation is the objective state of low contact Isolation always causes loneliness
 
40)

How is loneliness described?
 
A subjective feeling that one’s connections are insufficient As objective. The desire to be alone Isolated
 
41)

Which statement best reflects the chapter’s guidance on couples facing health-related strain?
 
Focus solely on symptom checklists before relationship work Name role captivity and moral distress to reduce shame and open problem-solving Avoid discussing equity to prevent conflict Prioritize children’s expectations over the couple’s needs
 
42)

Which therapy framework helps partners surface attachment needs (“I want to feel you here when my body scares me”) and respond with accessible, responsive, engaged moves
 
Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy (IBCT) Problem-solving therapy EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy) Combative Therapy
 
43)

Which paired intervention reduced conflict for the Parks (Vignette)?
 
Switching to late-night conversations and unscheduled caregiving Buying more monitoring devices Change moves andAcceptance moves Separating morning routines entirely without shared time
 
44)

Which single ergonomic change helped Mr. Ortega keep camaraderie without the pain (Vignette)?
 
Night shifts again Back brace only A morning receiving desk and a stool Remote work 3 days/wk
 
45)

Ms. Wu scheduled her daily social contact around what specific time?
 
8 a.m. 11 a.m. Noon 3 p.m.
 
46)

Tech programs reduce isolation for elders when they include which full package?
 
A tablet and a printed manual A device, data, paced teaching and human help App list only Weekly lecture on apps
 
47)

Which term fits “time-limited efforts such as compiling a family cookbook”?
 
Casual leisure Serious leisure Flow activity Project-based leisure
 
48)

What is the term for “illegal or improper use of an elder’s funds, property, or identity”?
 
Financial exploitation Neglect Psychological abuse Abandonment
 
49)

When abuse is suspected in a licensed facility, which external bodies must be contacted?
 
APS only Police only Long-Term Care Ombudsman state licensing/survey agency CMS only
 
50)

Most long-term care is provided where?
 
In hospitals In nursing facilities At home by family and friends In adult day programs
 
51)

What is the primary public payer for long-term services and supports in the U.S.?
 
Medicare Medicaid Social Security Private insurance
 
52)

Which of the following shape long-term care outcomes?
 
Fit with the person’s values and daily life Caregiver capacity and well-being Integration across silos All of the above
 
53)

What approach is recommended when older adults choose activities that involve some risk, such as cooking with tremor?
 
Strict prohibition Full independence without support Harm reduction Immediate facility placement
 
54)

Assisted living facilities (ALFs) primarily provide which type of support?
 
24/7 intensive skilled nursing Housing plus help with daily activities and social programming Emergency hospital-level care Full medical coverage under Medicare
 
55)

What is the main payer for long-stay custodial care in skilled nursing facilities?
 
Medicare Private long-term care insurance Medicaid Veterans Health Administration